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Introduction
Preface
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1. The Nature of Astronomy
2. The Nature of Science
3. The Laws of Nature
4. A Tour of the Universe
5. The Universe on the Large Scale
6. The Sky Above
Andrew Franknoi; David Morrison; and Sidney C. Wolff
7. Introduction to Orbits and Gravity
8. The Laws of Planetary Motion
9. Newton’s Great Synthesis
10. Newton’s Universal Law of Gravitation
11. Orbits in the Solar System
12. Motions of Satellites and Spacecraft
13. Gravity with More Than Two Bodies
14. For Further Exploration: Orbits and Gravity
15. Exercises: Orbits and Gravity
16. Introduction to Earth, Moon, and Sky
17. Earth and Sky
18. The Seasons
19. Keeping Time
20. The Calendar
21. Phases and Motions of the Moon
22. Ocean Tides and the Moon
23. Eclipses of the Sun and Moon
24. For Further Exploration: Earth, Moon, and Sky
25. Exercises: Earth, Moon, and Sky
26. Introduction to Radiation and Spectra
27. The Behavior of Light
28. The Electromagnetic Spectrum
29. Spectroscopy in Astronomy
30. The Structure of the Atom
31. Formation of Spectral Lines
32. The Doppler Effect
33. For Further Exploration: Radiation and Spectra
34. Exercises: Radiation and Spectra
35. Introduction to Astronomical Instruments
36. Telescopes
37. Telescopes Today
38. Visible-Light Detectors and Instruments
39. Radio Telescopes
40. Observations outside Earth’s Atmosphere
41. The Future of Large Telescopes
42. For Further Exploration: Astronomical Instruments
43. Exercises: Astronomical Instruments
44. Introduction to Other Worlds: An Introduction to the Solar System
45. Overview of Our Planetary System
46. Composition and Structure of Planets
47. Dating Planetary Surfaces
48. Origin of the Solar System
49. For Further Exploration: Other Worlds: An Introduction to the Solar System
50. Exercises: Other Worlds: An Introduction to the Solar System
51. Introduction to Earth as a Planet
52. The Global Perspective
53. Earth’s Crust
54. Earth’s Atmosphere
55. Life, Chemical Evolution, and Climate Change
56. Cosmic Influences on the Evolution of Earth
57. For Further Exploration: Earth as a Planet
58. Exercises: Earth as a Planet
59. Introduction to Cratered Worlds
60. General Properties of the Moon
61. The Lunar Surface
62. Impact Craters
63. The Origin of the Moon
64. Mercury
65. For Further Exploration: Cratered Worlds
66. Exercises: Cratered Worlds
67. Introduction to Earthlike Planets: Venus and Mars
68. The Nearest Planets: An Overview
69. The Geology of Venus
70. The Massive Atmosphere of Venus
71. The Geology of Mars
72. Water and Life on Mars
73. Divergent Planetary Evolution
74. For Further Exploration: Earthlike Planets: Venus and Mars
75. Exercises: Earthlike Planets: Venus and Mars
76. Introduction to the Giant Planets
77. Exploring the Outer Planets
78. The Giant Planets
79. Atmospheres of the Giant Planets
80. For Further Exploration: The Giant Planets
81. Exercises: The Giant Planets
82. Introduction to Rings, Moons, and Pluto
83. Ring and Moon Systems Introduced
84. The Galilean Moons of Jupiter
85. Titan and Triton
86. Pluto and Charon
87. Planetary Rings
88. For Further Exploration: Rings, Moons, and Pluto
89. Exercises: Rings, Moons, and Pluto
90. Introduction to Comets and Asteroids: Debris of the Solar System
91. Asteroids
92. Asteroids and Planetary Defense
93. The "Long-Haired" Comets
94. The Origin and Fate of Comets and Related Objects
95. For Further Exploration: Comets and Asteroids: Debris of the Solar System
96. Exercises: Comets and Asteroids: Debris of the Solar System
97. Introduction to Cosmic Samples and the Origin of the Solar System
98. Meteors
99. Meteorites: Stones from Heaven
100. Formation of the Solar System
101. Comparison with Other Planetary Systems
102. Planetary Evolution
103. For Further Exploration: Cosmic Samples and the Origin of the Solar System
104. Exercises: Cosmic Samples and the Origin of the Solar System
105. Introduction to the Sun: A Garden-Variety Star
106. The Structure and Composition of the Sun
107. The Solar Cycle
108. Solar Activity above the Photosphere
109. Space Weather
110. For Further Exploration: The Sun: A Garden-Variety Star
111. Exercises: The Sun: A Garden-Variety Star
112. Introduction to the Sun: A Nuclear Powerhouse
113. Sources of Sunshine: Thermal and Gravitational Energy
114. Mass, Energy, and the Theory of Relativity
115. The Solar Interior: Theory
116. The Solar Interior: Observations
117. For Further Exploration: The Sun: A Nuclear Powerhouse
118. Exercises: The Sun: A Nuclear Powerhouse
119. Introduction to Analyzing Starlight
120. The Brightness of Stars
121. Colors of Stars
122. The Spectra of Stars (and Brown Dwarfs)
123. Using Spectra to Measure Stellar Radius, Composition, and Motion
124. For Further Exploration: Analyzing Starlight
125. Exercises: Analyzing Starlight
126. Introduction to the Stars: A Celestial Census
127. A Stellar Census
128. Measuring Stellar Masses
129. Diameters of Stars
130. The H–R Diagram
131. For Further Exploration: The Stars: A Celestial Census
132. Exercises: The Stars: A Celestial Census
133. Introduction to Celestial Distances
134. Fundamental Units of Distance
135. Surveying the Stars
136. Variable Stars: One Key to Cosmic Distances
137. The H–R Diagram and Cosmic Distances
138. For Further Exploration: Celestial Distances
139. Exercises: Celestial Distances
140. Introduction to Between the Stars: Gas and Dust in Space
141. The Interstellar Medium
142. Interstellar Gas
143. Cosmic Dust
144. Cosmic Rays
145. The Life Cycle of Cosmic Material
146. Interstellar Matter around the Sun
147. For Further Exploration: Between the Stars: Gas and Dust in Space
148. Exercises: Between the Stars: Gas and Dust in Space
149. Introduction to the Birth of Stars and the Discovery of Planets outside the Solar System
150. Star Formation
151. The H–R Diagram and the Study of Stellar Evolution
152. Evidence That Planets Form around Other Stars
153. Planets beyond the Solar System: Search and Discovery
154. Exoplanets Everywhere: What We Are Learning
155. New Perspectives on Planet Formation
156. For Further Exploration: The Birth of Stars and the Discovery of Planets outside the Solar System
157. Exercises: The Birth of Stars and the Discovery of Planets outside the Solar System
158. Introduction to Stars from Adolescence to Old Age
159. Evolution from the Main Sequence to Red Giants
160. Star Clusters
161. Checking Out the Theory
162. Further Evolution of Stars
163. The Evolution of More Massive Stars
164. For Further Exploration: Stars from Adolescence to Old Age
165. Exercises: Stars from Adolescence to Old Age
166. Introduction to the Death of Stars
167. The Death of Low-Mass Stars
168. Evolution of Massive Stars: An Explosive Finish
169. Supernova Observations
170. Pulsars and the Discovery of Neutron Stars
171. The Evolution of Binary Star Systems
172. The Mystery of the Gamma-Ray Bursts
173. For Further Exploration: The Death of Stars
174. Exercises: The Death of Stars
175. Introduction to Black Holes and Curved Spacetime
176. Introducing General Relativity
177. Spacetime and Gravity
178. Tests of General Relativity
179. Time in General Relativity
180. Black Holes
181. Evidence for Black Holes
182. Gravitational Wave Astronomy
183. For Further Exploration: Black Holes and Curved Spacetime
184. Exercises: Black Holes and Curved Spacetime
185. Introduction to the Milky Way Galaxy
186. The Architecture of the Galaxy
187. Spiral Structure
188. The Mass of the Galaxy
189. The Center of the Galaxy
190. Stellar Populations in the Galaxy
191. The Formation of the Galaxy
192. For Further Exploration: The Milky Way Galaxy
193. Exercises: The Milky Way Galaxy
194. Introduction to Galaxies
195. The Discovery of Galaxies
196. Types of Galaxies
197. Properties of Galaxies
198. The Extragalactic Distance Scale
199. The Expanding Universe
200. For Further Exploration: Galaxies
201. Exercises: Galaxies
202. Introduction to Active Galaxies, Quasars, and Supermassive Black Holes
203. Quasars
204. Supermassive Black Holes: What Quasars Really Are
205. Quasars as Probes of Evolution in the Universe
206. For Further Exploration: Active Galaxies, Quasars, and Supermassive Black Holes
207. Exercises: Active Galaxies, Quasars, and Supermassive Black Holes
208. Introduction to the Evolution and Distribution of Galaxies
209. Observations of Distant Galaxies
210. Galaxy Mergers and Active Galactic Nuclei
211. The Distribution of Galaxies in Space
212. The Challenge of Dark Matter
213. The Formation and Evolution of Galaxies and Structure in the Universe
214. For Further Exploration: The Evolution and Distribution of Galaxies
215. Exercises: The Evolution and Distribution of Galaxies
216. Introduction to the Big Bang
217. The Age of the Universe
218. A Model of the Universe
219. The Beginning of the Universe
220. The Cosmic Microwave Background
221. What Is the Universe Really Made Of?
222. The Inflationary Universe
223. The Anthropic Principle
224. For Further Exploration: The Big Bang
225. Exercises: The Big Bang
226. Introduction to Life in the Universe
227. The Cosmic Context for Life
228. Astrobiology
229. Searching for Life beyond Earth
230. The Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence
231. For Further Exploration: Life in the Universe
232. Exercises: Life in the Universe
233. How to Study for an Introductory Astronomy Class
234. Astronomy Websites, Images, and Apps
235. Scientific Notation
236. Units Used in Science
237. Some Useful Constants for Astronomy
238. Physical and Orbital Data for the Planets
239. Selected Moons of the Planets
240. Future Total Eclipses
241. The Nearest Stars, Brown Dwarfs, and White Dwarfs
242. The Brightest Twenty Stars
243. The Chemical Elements
244. The Constellations
245. Star Chart and Sky Event Resources
Appendix
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