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Introduction
Preface
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1. Introduction to Science and the Universe
2. The Nature of Astronomy
3. The Nature of Science
4. The Laws of Nature
5. Numbers in Astronomy
6. Consequences of Light Travel Time
7. A Tour of the Universe
8. The Universe on the Large Scale
9. The Universe of the Very Small
10. A Conclusion and a Beginning
11. For Further Exploration: The Science and the Universe
12. Introduction to Observing the Sky: The Birth of Astronomy
13. The Sky Above
Andrew Franknoi; David Morrison; and Sidney C. Wolff
14. Ancient Astronomy
15. Astrology and Astronomy
16. The Birth of Modern Astronomy
17. For Further Exploration: The Birth of Modern Astronomy
18. Exercises: The Birth of Modern Astronomy
19. Introduction to Orbits and Gravity
20. The Laws of Planetary Motion
21. Newton’s Great Synthesis
22. Newton’s Universal Law of Gravitation
23. Orbits in the Solar System
24. Motions of Satellites and Spacecraft
25. Gravity with More Than Two Bodies
26. For Further Exploration: Orbits and Gravity
27. Exercises: Orbits and Gravity
28. Introduction to Earth, Moon, and Sky
29. Earth and Sky
30. The Seasons
31. Keeping Time
32. The Calendar
33. Phases and Motions of the Moon
34. Ocean Tides and the Moon
35. Eclipses of the Sun and Moon
36. For Further Exploration: Earth, Moon, and Sky
37. Exercises: Earth, Moon, and Sky
38. Introduction to Radiation and Spectra
39. The Behavior of Light
40. The Electromagnetic Spectrum
41. Spectroscopy in Astronomy
42. The Structure of the Atom
43. Formation of Spectral Lines
44. The Doppler Effect
45. For Further Exploration: Radiation and Spectra
46. Exercises: Radiation and Spectra
47. Introduction to Astronomical Instruments
48. Telescopes
49. Telescopes Today
50. Visible-Light Detectors and Instruments
51. Radio Telescopes
52. Observations outside Earth’s Atmosphere
53. The Future of Large Telescopes
54. For Further Exploration: Astronomical Instruments
55. Exercises: Astronomical Instruments
56. Introduction to Other Worlds: An Introduction to the Solar System
57. Overview of Our Planetary System
58. Composition and Structure of Planets
59. Dating Planetary Surfaces
60. Origin of the Solar System
61. For Further Exploration: Other Worlds: An Introduction to the Solar System
62. Exercises: Other Worlds: An Introduction to the Solar System
63. Introduction to Earth as a Planet
64. The Global Perspective
65. Earth’s Crust
66. Earth’s Atmosphere
67. Life, Chemical Evolution, and Climate Change
68. Cosmic Influences on the Evolution of Earth
69. For Further Exploration: Earth as a Planet
70. Exercises: Earth as a Planet
71. Introduction to Cratered Worlds
72. General Properties of the Moon
73. The Lunar Surface
74. Impact Craters
75. The Origin of the Moon
76. Mercury
77. For Further Exploration: Cratered Worlds
78. Exercises: Cratered Worlds
79. Introduction to Earthlike Planets: Venus and Mars
80. The Nearest Planets: An Overview
81. The Geology of Venus
82. The Massive Atmosphere of Venus
83. The Geology of Mars
84. Water and Life on Mars
85. Divergent Planetary Evolution
86. For Further Exploration: Earthlike Planets: Venus and Mars
87. Exercises: Earthlike Planets: Venus and Mars
88. Introduction to the Giant Planets
89. Exploring the Outer Planets
90. The Giant Planets
91. Atmospheres of the Giant Planets
92. For Further Exploration: The Giant Planets
93. Exercises: The Giant Planets
94. Introduction to Rings, Moons, and Pluto
95. Ring and Moon Systems Introduced
96. The Galilean Moons of Jupiter
97. Titan and Triton
98. Pluto and Charon
99. Planetary Rings
100. For Further Exploration: Rings, Moons, and Pluto
101. Exercises: Rings, Moons, and Pluto
102. Introduction to Comets and Asteroids: Debris of the Solar System
103. Asteroids
104. Asteroids and Planetary Defense
105. The "Long-Haired" Comets
106. The Origin and Fate of Comets and Related Objects
107. For Further Exploration: Comets and Asteroids: Debris of the Solar System
108. Exercises: Comets and Asteroids: Debris of the Solar System
109. Introduction to Cosmic Samples and the Origin of the Solar System
110. Meteors
111. Meteorites: Stones from Heaven
112. Formation of the Solar System
113. Comparison with Other Planetary Systems
114. Planetary Evolution
115. For Further Exploration: Cosmic Samples and the Origin of the Solar System
116. Exercises: Cosmic Samples and the Origin of the Solar System
117. Introduction to the Sun: A Garden-Variety Star
118. The Structure and Composition of the Sun
119. The Solar Cycle
120. Solar Activity above the Photosphere
121. Space Weather
122. For Further Exploration: The Sun: A Garden-Variety Star
123. Exercises: The Sun: A Garden-Variety Star
124. Introduction to the Sun: A Nuclear Powerhouse
125. Sources of Sunshine: Thermal and Gravitational Energy
126. Mass, Energy, and the Theory of Relativity
127. The Solar Interior: Theory
128. The Solar Interior: Observations
129. For Further Exploration: The Sun: A Nuclear Powerhouse
130. Exercises: The Sun: A Nuclear Powerhouse
131. Introduction to Analyzing Starlight
132. The Brightness of Stars
133. Colors of Stars
134. The Spectra of Stars (and Brown Dwarfs)
135. Using Spectra to Measure Stellar Radius, Composition, and Motion
136. For Further Exploration: Analyzing Starlight
137. Exercises: Analyzing Starlight
138. Introduction to the Stars: A Celestial Census
139. A Stellar Census
140. Measuring Stellar Masses
141. Diameters of Stars
142. The H–R Diagram
143. For Further Exploration: The Stars: A Celestial Census
144. Exercises: The Stars: A Celestial Census
145. Introduction to Celestial Distances
146. Fundamental Units of Distance
147. Surveying the Stars
148. Variable Stars: One Key to Cosmic Distances
149. The H–R Diagram and Cosmic Distances
150. For Further Exploration: Celestial Distances
151. Exercises: Celestial Distances
152. Introduction to Between the Stars: Gas and Dust in Space
153. The Interstellar Medium
154. Interstellar Gas
155. Cosmic Dust
156. Cosmic Rays
157. The Life Cycle of Cosmic Material
158. Interstellar Matter around the Sun
159. For Further Exploration: Between the Stars: Gas and Dust in Space
160. Exercises: Between the Stars: Gas and Dust in Space
161. Introduction to the Birth of Stars and the Discovery of Planets outside the Solar System
162. Star Formation
163. The H–R Diagram and the Study of Stellar Evolution
164. Evidence That Planets Form around Other Stars
165. Planets beyond the Solar System: Search and Discovery
166. Exoplanets Everywhere: What We Are Learning
167. New Perspectives on Planet Formation
168. For Further Exploration: The Birth of Stars and the Discovery of Planets outside the Solar System
169. Exercises: The Birth of Stars and the Discovery of Planets outside the Solar System
170. Introduction to Stars from Adolescence to Old Age
171. Evolution from the Main Sequence to Red Giants
172. Star Clusters
173. Checking Out the Theory
174. Further Evolution of Stars
175. The Evolution of More Massive Stars
176. For Further Exploration: Stars from Adolescence to Old Age
177. Exercises: Stars from Adolescence to Old Age
178. Introduction to the Death of Stars
179. The Death of Low-Mass Stars
180. Evolution of Massive Stars: An Explosive Finish
181. Supernova Observations
182. Pulsars and the Discovery of Neutron Stars
183. The Evolution of Binary Star Systems
184. The Mystery of the Gamma-Ray Bursts
185. For Further Exploration: The Death of Stars
186. Exercises: The Death of Stars
187. Introduction to Black Holes and Curved Spacetime
188. Introducing General Relativity
189. Spacetime and Gravity
190. Tests of General Relativity
191. Time in General Relativity
192. Black Holes
193. Evidence for Black Holes
194. Gravitational Wave Astronomy
195. For Further Exploration: Black Holes and Curved Spacetime
196. Exercises: Black Holes and Curved Spacetime
197. Introduction to the Milky Way Galaxy
198. The Architecture of the Galaxy
199. Spiral Structure
200. The Mass of the Galaxy
201. The Center of the Galaxy
202. Stellar Populations in the Galaxy
203. The Formation of the Galaxy
204. For Further Exploration: The Milky Way Galaxy
205. Exercises: The Milky Way Galaxy
206. Introduction to Galaxies
207. The Discovery of Galaxies
208. Types of Galaxies
209. Properties of Galaxies
210. The Extragalactic Distance Scale
211. The Expanding Universe
212. For Further Exploration: Galaxies
213. Exercises: Galaxies
214. Introduction to Active Galaxies, Quasars, and Supermassive Black Holes
215. Quasars
216. Supermassive Black Holes: What Quasars Really Are
217. Quasars as Probes of Evolution in the Universe
218. For Further Exploration: Active Galaxies, Quasars, and Supermassive Black Holes
219. Exercises: Active Galaxies, Quasars, and Supermassive Black Holes
220. Introduction to the Evolution and Distribution of Galaxies
221. Observations of Distant Galaxies
222. Galaxy Mergers and Active Galactic Nuclei
223. The Distribution of Galaxies in Space
224. The Challenge of Dark Matter
225. The Formation and Evolution of Galaxies and Structure in the Universe
226. For Further Exploration: The Evolution and Distribution of Galaxies
227. Exercises: The Evolution and Distribution of Galaxies
228. Introduction to the Big Bang
229. The Age of the Universe
230. A Model of the Universe
231. The Beginning of the Universe
232. The Cosmic Microwave Background
233. What Is the Universe Really Made Of?
234. The Inflationary Universe
235. The Anthropic Principle
236. For Further Exploration: The Big Bang
237. Exercises: The Big Bang
238. Introduction to Life in the Universe
239. The Cosmic Context for Life
240. Astrobiology
241. Searching for Life beyond Earth
242. The Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence
243. For Further Exploration: Life in the Universe
244. Exercises: Life in the Universe
245. How to Study for an Introductory Astronomy Class
246. Astronomy Websites, Images, and Apps
247. Scientific Notation
248. Units Used in Science
249. Some Useful Constants for Astronomy
250. Physical and Orbital Data for the Planets
251. Selected Moons of the Planets
252. Future Total Eclipses
253. The Nearest Stars, Brown Dwarfs, and White Dwarfs
254. The Brightest Twenty Stars
255. The Chemical Elements
256. The Constellations
257. Star Chart and Sky Event Resources
Appendix
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