Reactions of Alkanes
Module Level Objectives
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Define what a free radical is and describe its electronic structure.
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Differentiate between initiation, propagation, and termination steps in radical chain mechanisms.
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Explain the general mechanism of alkane halogenation via free radical substitution.
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Describe the role of light or heat in initiating radical reactions of alkanes.
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Draw complete mechanisms for the radical halogenation (e.g., chlorination or bromination) of alkanes.
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Identify and classify radical intermediates as primary, secondary, tertiary, or allylic.
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Predict the major product(s) of radical halogenation based on radical stability.
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Compare and contrast the reactivity and selectivity of chlorine and bromine in alkane halogenation.
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Interpret energy profiles for radical reactions and identify exothermic and endothermic steps.
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Explain how bond dissociation energies (BDEs) influence the rate and outcome of radical reactions.
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Evaluate the factors that affect the selectivity of halogenation (e.g., C–H bond strength, radical stability).
- Define combustion.
- Explain why alkanes are used as fuels and the basis for their high energy content.
