68 5.15 – Chapter 5 Summary

CHAPTER SUMMARY

In this chapter we discuss how policies are designed and formulated. The first step in policy design is to start with the goal. Deborah Stone (2002) argues that public policy goals incorporate four major concepts: equity, efficiency, security, and liberty. Policymakers also have a number of policy tools at their disposal. Inducements are options for changing people’s behavior through rewards or punishments, sanctions, and incentives. Finally, policymakers must decide between potential solutions. We discuss three decision making models, the rational comprehensive model, incrementalism, and the garbage can model.