4 1.4 Functional Groups
Chapter 4 Learning Objectives
- Define a functional group.
- Be able to identify the key functional groups and name them.
1.4.1 Introduction
Functional groups are groups of atoms within molecules that have their own characteristic properties, regardless of the other atoms present in a molecule. Functional groups are responsible for the physical and chemical properties of the molecule. Knowing the functional groups is an absolute must in organic chemistry. Structure recognition of functional groups is a key foundational skill for nomenclature, and reactivity, which will be covered in later modules.
Here is a list of functional groups.
Additional Resources
Here are some great resources on identification and names of common functional groups that you will encounter in this course.
- How to understand and memorize functional groups?
- A graphic on functional groups
- List of functional groups with examples
- A video on carbonyl functional group
Exercise: Identify and name the functional groups in each of the following molecules.
Key Takeaways: Functional Groups
- Functional groups are a group of atom(s) that define the physical and chemical properties of a substance.
- There are several functional groups in organic chemistry, namely, alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, aromatic, ethers, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids and esters.
- It is important for an organic chemist to recognize and name functional groups.
