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Introduction
1. The Nature of Astronomy
Andrew Franknoi; David Morrison; and Sidney C. Wolff
2. The Nature of Science
3. The Laws of Nature
4. The Scientific Method
J. A. Hester
5. Falsifiability
6. Confidence
7. Consequences of Light Travel Time
8. A Tour of the Universe
9. The Universe on the Large Scale
10. The Universe of the Very Small
11. What is moving? The Stars or the Earth?
12. Celestial Sphere - Introduction
13. The Sky Above
14. Earth and Sky
15. Constellations - A Summary
16. Celestial Coordinates - A Summary
17. Phases and Motions of the Moon
18. Ocean Tides and the Moon
19. The Seasons
20. Eclipses of the Sun and Moon
21. Hipparchus and Ptolemy
22. The Birth of Modern Astronomy
23. The Laws of Planetary Motion
24. Newton’s Universal Law of Gravitation
25. Orbits in the Solar System
26. Motions of Satellites and Spacecraft
27. The Behavior of Light
28. The Electromagnetic Spectrum
29. Spectroscopy in Astronomy
30. The Structure of the Atom
31. Formation of Spectral Lines
32. The Doppler Effect
33. Spectral Lines
34. Introduction to Astronomical Instruments
35. Telescopes
36. Telescopes Today
37. Visible-Light Detectors and Instruments
38. Radio Telescopes
39. Observations outside Earth’s Atmosphere
40. The Future of Large Telescopes
41. Overview of Our Planetary System
42. Composition and Structure of Planets
43. Origin of the Solar System
44. Introduction to Comets and Asteroids: Debris of the Solar System
45. Asteroids
46. The “Long-Haired” Comets
47. The Origin and Fate of Comets and Related Objects
48. The Galilean Moons of Jupiter
49. Titan and Triton
50. Pluto and Charon
51. Planetary Rings
52. Pluto and Charon - Part 1
Andrew Franknoi; Sidney C. Wolff; and David Morrison
53. Dating Planetary Surfaces
54. The Global Perspective
55. Cosmic Influences on the Evolution of Earth
56. Introduction to Cratered Worlds
57. General Properties of the Moon
58. The Lunar Surface
59. Impact Craters
60. The Origin of the Moon
61. Mercury
62. Asteroids and Planetary Defense
63. Meteors
64. Meteorites: Stones from Heaven
65. Earth’s Crust
66. Introduction to Earthlike Planets: Venus and Mars
67. The Nearest Planets: An Overview
68. The Geology of Venus
69. The Geology of Mars
70. Pluto and Charon - Part 2
71. Earth’s Atmosphere
72. Life, Chemical Evolution, and Climate Change
73. The Massive Atmosphere of Venus
74. Water and Life on Mars
75. Divergent Planetary Evolution
76. Planetary Evolution
77. Introduction to the Giant Planets
78. Exploring the Outer Planets
79. The Giant Planets
80. Atmospheres of the Giant Planets
81. A Stellar Census
82. Introduction to the Sun: A Garden-Variety Star
83. The Structure and Composition of the Sun
84. The Solar Cycle
85. Solar Activity above the Photosphere
86. Space Weather
87. Introduction to the Sun: A Nuclear Powerhouse
88. Sources of Sunshine: Thermal and Gravitational Energy
89. Mass, Energy, and the Theory of Relativity
90. The Solar Interior: Theory
91. The Solar Interior: Observations
92. Introduction to Between the Stars: Gas and Dust in Space
93. The Interstellar Medium
94. Interstellar Gas
95. Cosmic Dust
96. Cosmic Rays
97. The Life Cycle of Cosmic Material
98. Interstellar Matter around the Sun
99. Introduction to the Birth of Stars and the Discovery of Planets outside the Solar System
100. Star Formation
101. The H–R Diagram and the Study of Stellar Evolution
102. Formation of the Solar System
103. Comparison with Other Planetary Systems
104. Evidence That Planets Form around Other Stars
105. Planets beyond the Solar System: Search and Discovery
106. Exoplanets Everywhere: What We Are Learning
107. New Perspectives on Planet Formation
108. Introduction to Life in the Universe
109. The Cosmic Context for Life
110. Astrobiology
111. Searching for Life beyond Earth
112. Numbers in Astronomy - Powers of Ten
113. The Pizza and Proportional Reasoning
114. h5p Samples
115. Introduction to Analyzing Starlight
116. The Brightness of Stars
117. Colors of Stars
118. The Spectra of Stars (and Brown Dwarfs)
119. Using Spectra to Measure Stellar Radius, Composition, and Motion
120. Introduction to the Stars: A Celestial Census
121. Measuring Stellar Masses
122. Diameters of Stars
123. The H–R Diagram
124. Introduction to Celestial Distances
125. Fundamental Units of Distance
126. Surveying the Stars
127. Variable Stars: One Key to Cosmic Distances
128. The H–R Diagram and Cosmic Distances
129. Introduction to Stars from Adolescence to Old Age
130. Evolution from the Main Sequence to Red Giants
131. Star Clusters
132. Checking Out the Theory
133. Further Evolution of Stars
134. The Evolution of More Massive Stars
135. Introduction to the Death of Stars
136. The Death of Low-Mass Stars
137. Evolution of Massive Stars: An Explosive Finish
138. Supernova Observations
139. Pulsars and the Discovery of Neutron Stars
140. The Evolution of Binary Star Systems
141. The Mystery of the Gamma-Ray Bursts
142. Introduction to Black Holes and Curved Spacetime
143. Introducing General Relativity
144. Spacetime and Gravity
145. Tests of General Relativity
146. Time in General Relativity
147. Black Holes
148. Evidence for Black Holes
149. Gravitational Wave Astronomy
150. Introduction to the Milky Way Galaxy
151. The Architecture of the Galaxy
152. Spiral Structure
153. The Mass of the Galaxy
154. The Center of the Galaxy
155. Stellar Populations in the Galaxy
156. The Formation of the Galaxy
157. Introduction to Galaxies
158. The Discovery of Galaxies
159. Types of Galaxies
160. Properties of Galaxies
161. The Extragalactic Distance Scale
162. The Expanding Universe
163. Introduction to Active Galaxies, Quasars, and Supermassive Black Holes
164. Quasars
165. Supermassive Black Holes: What Quasars Really Are
166. Quasars as Probes of Evolution in the Universe
167. Introduction to the Evolution and Distribution of Galaxies
168. Observations of Distant Galaxies
169. Galaxy Mergers and Active Galactic Nuclei
170. The Distribution of Galaxies in Space
171. The Challenge of Dark Matter
172. The Formation and Evolution of Galaxies and Structure in the Universe
173. Introduction to the Big Bang
174. The Age of the Universe
175. A Model of the Universe
176. The Beginning of the Universe
177. The Cosmic Microwave Background
178. What Is the Universe Really Made Of?
179. The Inflationary Universe
180. The Anthropic Principle
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