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Introduction
1. The Nature of Astronomy
Andrew Franknoi; David Morrison; and Sidney C. Wolff
2. The Nature of Science
3. The Laws of Nature
4. Consequences of Light Travel Time
5. A Tour of the Universe
6. The Universe on the Large Scale
7. The Universe of the Very Small
8. What is moving? The Stars or the Earth?
J. A. Hester
9. Celestial Sphere - Introduction
10. The Sky Above
11. Earth and Sky
12. Constellations - A Summary
13. Celestial Coordinates - A Summary
14. Phases and Motions of the Moon
15. Ocean Tides and the Moon
16. The Seasons
17. Eclipses of the Sun and Moon
18. Hipparchus and Ptolemy
19. The Birth of Modern Astronomy
20. The Laws of Planetary Motion
21. Newton’s Universal Law of Gravitation
22. Orbits in the Solar System
23. Motions of Satellites and Spacecraft
24. The Behavior of Light
25. The Electromagnetic Spectrum
26. Spectroscopy in Astronomy
27. The Structure of the Atom
28. Formation of Spectral Lines
29. The Doppler Effect
30. Spectral Lines
31. Introduction to Astronomical Instruments
32. Telescopes
33. Telescopes Today
34. Visible-Light Detectors and Instruments
35. Radio Telescopes
36. Observations outside Earth’s Atmosphere
37. The Future of Large Telescopes
38. Overview of Our Planetary System
39. Composition and Structure of Planets
40. Origin of the Solar System
41. Introduction to Comets and Asteroids: Debris of the Solar System
42. Asteroids
43. The “Long-Haired” Comets
44. The Origin and Fate of Comets and Related Objects
45. The Galilean Moons of Jupiter
46. Titan and Triton
47. Pluto and Charon
48. Planetary Rings
49. Pluto and Charon - Part 1
Andrew Franknoi; Sidney C. Wolff; and David Morrison
50. Dating Planetary Surfaces
51. The Global Perspective
52. Cosmic Influences on the Evolution of Earth
53. Introduction to Cratered Worlds
54. General Properties of the Moon
55. The Lunar Surface
56. Impact Craters
57. The Origin of the Moon
58. Mercury
59. Asteroids and Planetary Defense
60. Meteors
61. Meteorites: Stones from Heaven
62. Earth’s Crust
63. Introduction to Earthlike Planets: Venus and Mars
64. The Nearest Planets: An Overview
65. The Geology of Venus
66. The Geology of Mars
67. Pluto and Charon - Part 2
68. Earth’s Atmosphere
69. Life, Chemical Evolution, and Climate Change
70. The Massive Atmosphere of Venus
71. Water and Life on Mars
72. Divergent Planetary Evolution
73. Planetary Evolution
74. Introduction to the Giant Planets
75. Exploring the Outer Planets
76. The Giant Planets
77. Atmospheres of the Giant Planets
78. A Stellar Census
79. Introduction to the Sun: A Garden-Variety Star
80. The Structure and Composition of the Sun
81. The Solar Cycle
82. Solar Activity above the Photosphere
83. Space Weather
84. Introduction to the Sun: A Nuclear Powerhouse
85. Sources of Sunshine: Thermal and Gravitational Energy
86. Mass, Energy, and the Theory of Relativity
87. The Solar Interior: Theory
88. The Solar Interior: Observations
89. Introduction to Between the Stars: Gas and Dust in Space
90. The Interstellar Medium
91. Interstellar Gas
92. Cosmic Dust
93. Cosmic Rays
94. The Life Cycle of Cosmic Material
95. Interstellar Matter around the Sun
96. Introduction to the Birth of Stars and the Discovery of Planets outside the Solar System
97. Star Formation
98. The H–R Diagram and the Study of Stellar Evolution
99. Formation of the Solar System
100. Comparison with Other Planetary Systems
101. Evidence That Planets Form around Other Stars
102. Planets beyond the Solar System: Search and Discovery
103. Exoplanets Everywhere: What We Are Learning
104. New Perspectives on Planet Formation
105. Introduction to Life in the Universe
106. The Cosmic Context for Life
107. Astrobiology
108. Searching for Life beyond Earth
109. Numbers in Astronomy - Powers of Ten
110. The Pizza and Proportional Reasoning
111. h5p Samples
112. Introduction to Analyzing Starlight
113. The Brightness of Stars
114. Colors of Stars
115. The Spectra of Stars (and Brown Dwarfs)
116. Using Spectra to Measure Stellar Radius, Composition, and Motion
117. Introduction to the Stars: A Celestial Census
118. Measuring Stellar Masses
119. Diameters of Stars
120. The H–R Diagram
121. Introduction to Celestial Distances
122. Fundamental Units of Distance
123. Surveying the Stars
124. Variable Stars: One Key to Cosmic Distances
125. The H–R Diagram and Cosmic Distances
126. Introduction to Stars from Adolescence to Old Age
127. Evolution from the Main Sequence to Red Giants
128. Star Clusters
129. Checking Out the Theory
130. Further Evolution of Stars
131. The Evolution of More Massive Stars
132. Introduction to the Death of Stars
133. The Death of Low-Mass Stars
134. Evolution of Massive Stars: An Explosive Finish
135. Supernova Observations
136. Pulsars and the Discovery of Neutron Stars
137. The Evolution of Binary Star Systems
138. The Mystery of the Gamma-Ray Bursts
139. Introduction to Black Holes and Curved Spacetime
140. Introducing General Relativity
141. Spacetime and Gravity
142. Tests of General Relativity
143. Time in General Relativity
144. Black Holes
145. Evidence for Black Holes
146. Gravitational Wave Astronomy
147. Introduction to the Milky Way Galaxy
148. The Architecture of the Galaxy
149. Spiral Structure
150. The Mass of the Galaxy
151. The Center of the Galaxy
152. Stellar Populations in the Galaxy
153. The Formation of the Galaxy
154. Introduction to Galaxies
155. The Discovery of Galaxies
156. Types of Galaxies
157. Properties of Galaxies
158. The Extragalactic Distance Scale
159. The Expanding Universe
160. Introduction to Active Galaxies, Quasars, and Supermassive Black Holes
161. Quasars
162. Supermassive Black Holes: What Quasars Really Are
163. Quasars as Probes of Evolution in the Universe
164. Introduction to the Evolution and Distribution of Galaxies
165. Observations of Distant Galaxies
166. Galaxy Mergers and Active Galactic Nuclei
167. The Distribution of Galaxies in Space
168. The Challenge of Dark Matter
169. The Formation and Evolution of Galaxies and Structure in the Universe
170. Introduction to the Big Bang
171. The Age of the Universe
172. A Model of the Universe
173. The Beginning of the Universe
174. The Cosmic Microwave Background
175. What Is the Universe Really Made Of?
176. The Inflationary Universe
177. The Anthropic Principle
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