Chapter Text Attributions

Chapter Sections are taken from open source authors in their entirety, but were sometimes edited for clarity or new examples provided.  Authorship as follows with associated in-text references:

Chapters 1.1, 1.4 Merry Wilson, CC-BY-NC-SA

Chapter 1.2 Physical Geology – Second Edition by Steven Earle is licensed under CC BY-NC-SDA 4.0 Steven Earl, CC-BY

Chapter 1.3 Dynamic Planet:  Exploring Geological Disasters and Environmental Change by Estrada, Londono Michel, and Wilson is licensed under CC-CY-NC-SA.

Annotations and references within Chapter 1.3

​1. An Introduction to Geology by Chris Johnson, Matthew D. Affolter, Paul Inkenbrandt, Cam Mosher is licensed under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0

2. Environmental Science by Bill Freedman is licensed under CC BY-NC 4.0

3. Introduction to Human Geography by R. Adam Dastrup, MA, GISP is licensed under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0

4. Natural Disasters and Human Impacts by R. Adam Dastrup, MA, GISP is licensed under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0

5. Physical Geology – 2nd Edition by Steven Earle is licensed under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0

6. Geology by Lumen Learning is licensed under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0

7. Earth Science by Lumen Learning is licensed under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0

8. Essentials of Geographic Information Systems by Jonathan E. Campbell and Michael Shin is licensed under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0

Media Assets

Fig 1.0.1 NASA / Apollo 17 crew. (1972). The Blue Marble. [Photograph]. Wikimedia Commons. Retrieved February 4, 2021, https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg

• Picture of the Earth as seen from the moon.

1.1

Figure 1.1.1  The Rock Cycle.  Halliburton, 2001.  Retrieved December 6, 2021 from https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:The_rock_cycle.png CC BY-SA

• A basic depiction of The Rock Cycle.  The arrows indicate the processes necessary to get from one rock type to another.

Figure 1.1.2 Sceloporus lizard, 2021. M. Wilson CC-BY

Figure 1.1.3 The ocean = the largest source of liquid water. NOAA, 2006.  Public Domain

Figure 1.1.4 Layers of the atmosphere. NOAA, 2010.  Public Domain

Figure 1.1.5  A glacier slowly flows into the ocean, Antarctica. M. Wilson, 2018, CC-BY

Figure 1.1.6 A graphic showing the inter-relationship of the spheres of Earth. Merry Wilson CC-BY

Figure 1.1.7  NASA (2019) Water Cycle.  NASA, 2019 Retrieved December 6, 2021 from https://gpm.nasa.gov/education/water-cycle

• Basic diagram of water cycle processes.

1.2

1.2.1 Siccar Point, Scotland.  Merry Wilson CC-BY

• The orange line shows a contact between nearly vertical old sedimentary rocks and much younger ones that were nearly horizontal.

1.2.2 The geologic time scale.  Steven Earle, CC-BY

• The Hadean eon (3800 Ma to 4570 Ma), Archean eon (2500 Ma to 3800 Ma), and Proterozoic eon (542 Ma to 2500 Ma) make up 88% of geological time. The Phanerozoic eon makes up the last 12% of geological time. The Phanerozoic eon (0 Ma to 542 Ma) contains the Paleozoic, Mesozoic, and Cenozoic eras.

1.3

Fig 1.3.1 Mainstone, J. (2007). Pitch drop experiment [Photograph]. Wikimedia Commons. Retrieved June 5, 2021, https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:University_of_Queensland_Pitch_drop_experiment-6-2.jpg

• Experimental setup shows a funnel with a viscous, black substance falling into a beaker, all covered by a glass.

Figure 1.3.2 Buffelgrass.  National Park Service, Public Domain

Fig 1.3.3 Friis, A. (1907). Alfred Wegener by Achton Friis.jpg. [Photograph]. Wikimedia Commons. Retrieved June 5, 2021, https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Alfred_Wegener_by_Achton_Friis.jpg

• A portray of Alfred Wegener during one of his expeditions, painted by Achton Friis. The picture humanizes the scientist and shows how artists have also contributed to the history of science.

Figure 1.3.4 Hohokam Canal, 2018.  Wikimedia Commons.  Retrieved December 6, 2021 from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Hohokam_Canal.jpg

Fig 1.3.5 Ilif, D. (2005). Hopetoun Falls. [Photograph]. Wikimedia Commons. Retrieved June 5, 2021, Retrieved Jun 5, 2021, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=43330268

• A decorative image of a beautiful landscape to symbolize geoethics and how the responsible exercise of the geosciences can

1.4

Figure 1.4.1 The Morenci Copper Mine, Arizona. Tom Blackwell, CC-BY-NC

Figure 1.4.2 Park Ranger, Yellowstone National Park, Public Domain

Figure 1.4.3 The 2018 monsoon season triggered a collapse of a road from an underlying earth fissure. Brian Gootee, AZGS, 2018 CC-BY

Instructor References