6.7 References
The following resources have been used for research, starting points, and inspiration for this chapter and are available to all under Fair Use or Creative Commons Licensing. Unless otherwise noted in Attributed References or Media Assets, materials have been significantly reworked by this text’s author.
Estrada, C. F., Londono-Michel, C. and Wilson, M. (June 7, 2021). Dynamic Planet: Exploring Geological Disasters and Environmental Change. https://open.maricopa.edu/hazards/ CC BY-NC-SA 4.0
Panchuck, K. (2022). Physical geology (H5P edition). BCcampus. https://opentextbc.ca/physicalgeologyh5p/ CC BY-NC-SA 4.0
Panchuck, K. (2022). Physical geology (H5P edition V.1.1). BCcampus. https://opentextbc.ca/physicalgeologyh5p/ CC BY-NC-SA 4.0
United States Geological Survey (USGS) is licensed under Public Domain.
Text Resources
[1] Estrada, C. F., Londono-Michel, C. and Wilson, M. (June 7, 2021). Dynamic Planet: Exploring Geological Disasters and Environmental Change. https://open.maricopa.edu/hazards/ CC BY-NC-SA 4.0
Media Assets
All images, videos, animations, and H5P activities within this chapter are licensed under Public Domain, Creative Commons, or in rare circumstances, Fair Use.
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Figure 6.1 Migmatite
- Mike Beauregard. (Sep 1, 2011). Spaghetti Rock. [Online Image]. Wikimedia Commons. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Spaghetti_Rock.jpg CC BY-SA 2.0
6.1
Figure 6.1.1 Ball of play-doh. Image by Charlene Estrada, Public Domain.
Earth Rocks! (Feb 27, 2019). Folds and Faults. [Online Video]. YouTube. https://youtu.be/6uf8SSJajyM CC BY
Figure 6.1.2 Joints in rock. Image by wilson44691 Public Domain, CC0.
Figure 6.1.3 Faulted sandstone.
- James St. John. (Mar 31, 2007) Faulted sandstone (Unkpapa Sandstone, Upper Jurassic; Guernsey, Wyoming, USA) 4.jpg
[Online Image]. Wikimedia Commons. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Faulted_sandstone_(Unkpapa_Sandstone,_Upper_Jurassic;_Guernsey,_Wyoming,_USA)_4.jpg CC BY 2.0
Figure 6.1.4 Diagram of a normal fault
- Luis Maria Benitez. (2004, Feb 6). Falla normal lmb. [Online Image]. Wikimedia Commons. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Falla_normal_lmb.png CC BY-SA 3.0.
Figure 6.1.5 Reverse faulting animation. By takami torao, Wikimedia Commons, Public Domain.
Figure 6.1.6 Hanging wall and footwall. Image by USGS, Public Domain.
Figure 6.1.7 Shoe. Image by Pharos, Public Domain, CC0.
Figure 6.1.8 Animation of strike-slip fault.
- Anynobody. (May 21, 2008). Fault3. [Online Gif]. Wikimedia Commons. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Fault3.gif CC BY-SA 3.0.
Figure 6.1.9 Piqiang Strike-slip fault. Image by NASA, Public Domain.
Figure 6.1.10 Right lateral strike-slip fault. Image by USGS, Steven Dutch, Public Domain.
6.2
Figure 6.2.1 Anticline. Image by Charlene Estrada, Public Domain.
Visible Geology website
- Seequent. (n.d.). Visible Geology. https://app.visiblegeology.com/profile.html
Figure 6.2.2. Syncline. Image by Charlene Estrada, Public Domain.
Figure 6.2.3 Monocline
- Kilom691. (Aug 23, 2012). Monocline01. [Online Image]. Wikimedia Commons. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Monocline01.svg CC BY-SA 3.0.
Figure 6.2.4 Dome. Image by NASA, Public Domain.
Figure 6.2.5 Structure 1. Image by Wilson44691, Public Domain.
Figure 6.2.6 Structure 2
- Martin Laverty. (Jul 17, 2019). Monocline and normal faults throwing to left (west). [Online Image]. Wikimedia Commons. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Monocline_and_normal_faults_throwing_to_left_(west)_(geograph_6214153).jpg CC BY-SA 2.0.
Figure 6.2.7 Structure 3. Image by Not Home, Public Domain.
6.3
Figure 6.3.1 Foliated rock
- Woudloper. (2007, Sep 2). “Zermatt_schists.” [Online Image]. Wikimedia Commons. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Zermatt_schists.JPG Public Domain.
Figure 6.3.2 Process of foliation
- Steven Earle. (n.d.). “image006.” [Online Image]. Physical Geology – 2nd Edition. https://openpress.usask.ca/physicalgeology/chapter/10-2-foliation-and-rock-cleavage/ CC BY 4.0.
Kiersti Ford. (Aug 7, 2020). Geology-1 Foliation Demonstration – Fresno City College. [Online Video]. YouTube. https://youtu.be/QH83P9vfTo8 CC BY
Figure 6.3.3 Non-foliated texture
- Randolph Black. (2018, Jan 10). “Quartzite_01_10x_(27840457419).” [Online Image]. Wikimedia Commons. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Quartzite_01_10x_(27840457419).jpg Public Domain.
H5P
- Estrada, C. F., Londono-Michel, C. and Wilson, M. (June 7, 2021). Is this rock foliated or non-foliated? [H5P exercise]. Dynamic Planet: Exploring Geological Disasters and Environmental Change. https://open.maricopa.edu/hazards/ CC BY-NC-SA 4.0
6.4
Charlene Estrada. (Apr 22, 2021). In a Nutshell: Metamorphic Grade. [Online Video]. YouTube. https://youtu.be/kxFnG2v4rkQ CC BY.
Charlene Estrada. (Aug 31, 2020). Metamorphic Lab Rock 2. [Online Video]. YouTube. https://youtu.be/hH63y0_Oh0o CC BY.
Charlene Estrada. (Aug 31, 2020). Metamorphic Lab Rock 5. [Online Video]. YouTube. https://youtu.be/e6Bm68qOHCM CC BY.
Charlene Estrada. (Aug 31, 2020). Metamorphic Lab Rock 7. [Online Video]. YouTube. https://youtu.be/qtUAE6U_018 CC BY.
Charlene Estrada. (Aug 31, 2020). Metamorphic Lab Rock 3. [Online Video]. YouTube. https://youtu.be/UbxfR1SCq0g CC BY.
Charlene Estrada. (Aug 31, 2020). Metamorphic Lab Rock 4. [Online Video]. YouTube. https://youtu.be/tWiw9TToTeU CC BY.
Figure 6.4.1 Shale
- Dr. Parvinder Sethi. (2020, Oct 8). “Shale / RU Geology / by Grace Psenicska.” [Online Model]. SketchFab. https://sketchfab.com/3d-models/shale-ru-geology-by-grace-psenicska-80e4de099de248b9abb5d7b5b96d89b3 CC BY.
Figure 6.4.2 Sandstone
- Sara Carena. (2020, May 15). “Sandstone, USA.” [Online Model]. SketchFab. https://sketchfab.com/3d-models/sandstone-usa-357ebf487b5a4c42850af5fcf95429c7 CC BY.
Figure 6.4.3 Limestone
- Théobald GUFFON. (2020, Jan 31). “Limestone outcrop 1.” [Online Model]. SketchFab.https://sketchfab.com/3d-models/limestone-outcrop-1-0df28c23fe0e42c49b2f8c329d8c5c95 CC BY-NC-SA.
Figure 6.4.4 Slate
- rocksandminerals. (2020, May 28). “gray slate #77 5-28-2020.” [Online Model]. Sketchfab. https://sketchfab.com/3d-models/gray-slate-77-5-28-2020-742becfb4f484fca9c9e1f2888d55705 CC BY.
Figure 6.4.5 Quartzite
- rocksandminerals. (2020, May 26). “quartzite #76 05-26-2020.” [Online Model]. Sketchfab. https://sketchfab.com/3d-models/quartzite-76-05-26-2020-d67bc8e8f2724e0c808bbf14724a050a CC BY-NC.
Figure 6.4.6 Phyllite
- Dr. Parvinder Sethi. (2020, Sep 19). “Phyllite / RU Geology / by Grace Psenicska.” [Online Model]. Sketchfab. https://sketchfab.com/3d-models/orthogneiss-ab4861c508bb4b0a8e39eefeb191661c CC BY.
Figure 6.4.7 Marble
- EDUROCK – EDUCATIONAL VIRTUAL ROCK COLLECTION. (2019, Nov 11). “Marble.” [Online Model]. Sketchfab. https://sketchfab.com/3d-models/marble-3e6a621e4b084e44b78e71e9eabfad99 CC BY.
Figure 6.4.8 Gneiss
- Sara Carena. (2021, Jan 23). “Orthogneiss.” [Online Model]. Sketchfab. https://sketchfab.com/3d-models/orthogneiss-ab4861c508bb4b0a8e39eefeb191661c CC BY-NC
6.5
Earth Rocks! (Feb 19, 2019). Metamorphism. [Online Video]. YouTube. https://youtu.be/N7SiZSa5csA CC BY.
Figure 6.5.1 Contact metamorphism
- Jasmin Ros. (Sep 20, 2013). Rock contact metamorphism eng text. [Online Image]. Wikimedia Commons. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Rock_contact_metamorphism_eng_text.jpg CC BY 3.0
Figure 6.5.2 Regional metamorphism
- Steven Earle. (2019). Untitled Image of Regional Metamorphism. [Online Image]. Physical Geology-2nd Edition. https://opentextbc.ca/physicalgeology2ed/chapter/7-3-plate-tectonics-and-metamorphism/#fig7.3.2 CC BY 4.0.
6.6
Charlene Estrada. (Aug 31, 2020). Metamorphic Lab Rock 1. [Online Video]. YouTube. https://youtu.be/3TXEowqT6ok CC BY.
Charlene Estrada. (Aug 31, 2020). Metamorphic Lab Rock 2. [Online Video]. YouTube. https://youtu.be/hH63y0_Oh0o CC BY.
Charlene Estrada. (Aug 31, 2020). Metamorphic Lab Rock 3. [Online Video]. YouTube. https://youtu.be/UbxfR1SCq0g CC BY.
Charlene Estrada. (Aug 31, 2020). Metamorphic Lab Rock 4. [Online Video]. YouTube. https://youtu.be/tWiw9TToTeU CC BY.
Charlene Estrada. (Aug 31, 2020). Metamorphic Lab Rock 5. [Online Video]. YouTube. https://youtu.be/e6Bm68qOHCM CC BY.
Charlene Estrada. (Aug 31, 2020). Metamorphic Lab Rock 5. [Online Video]. YouTube. https://youtu.be/tiTWae8ywO4 CC BY.
Charlene Estrada. (Aug 31, 2020). Metamorphic Lab Rock 7. [Online Video]. YouTube. https://youtu.be/qtUAE6U_018 CC BY.
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