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Introduction
About the Authors
1.1 Earth System Science
Carolina Londono Michel
1.2 How Do We Study the Earth?
1.3 Information Literacy
1.4 The Science of Natural Disasters
1.5 Human Population and Sustainability
1.6 EarthLight
1.7 Attributions and References
2.1 Alfred Wegener and the Strange Idea of Drifting Continents
Charlene Estrada
2.2 Journey to the Center of the Earth
2.3 From Junk Science to Theory
2.4 Convergent Boundaries
2.5 Divergent Boundaries
2.6 Transform Boundaries
2.7 Hot Spots
2.8 Predicting Geologic Hazards at Tectonic Boundaries
2.9 The Great Cycle
2.10 Attributions and References
3.1 What Is A Mineral?
3.2 How to Identify Minerals
3.3 A Visual Guide to Common Minerals
3.4 The Rock Cycle
3.5 Igneous Rocks
3.6 Sedimentary Rocks
3.7 Metamorphic Rocks
3.8 Attributions and References
4.1 Molten Materials
4.2 Volcano Shape
4.3 Deadly Hazards
4.4 Monitoring Volcanoes
4.5 Where are the Volcanoes?
4.6 Surviving a Volcanic Eruption
4.7 Thriving Near Volcanoes
4.8 Attributions and References
5.1 Causes of Earthquakes
Merry Wilson
5.2 Earthquakes and Plate Tectonics
5.3 Measuring and Locating Earthquakes
5.4 Earthquake Hazards and Risk
5.5 Forecasting and Mitigating Earthquakes
5.6 Attribution and References
6.1 Distribution of Earth’s Water
6.2 Streams and River Systems
6.3 Stream Erosion and Transportation
6.4 Types of Floods and Flood Features
6.5 Flood Mitigation
6.6 Natural Floodplains and Restoration
6.7 Attributions and References
7.1 Factors That Control Slope Stability
7.2 Classification of Mass Wasting
7.3 Preventing, Delaying, Monitoring, and Mitigating Mass Wasting
7.4 Subsidence
7.5 Attribution and References
8.1 Significance of the ocean
8.2 Ocean Currents
8.3 Waves and Shoreline Currents
8.4 Topography and Landforms
8.5 Sea Level Change
8.6 Human Intervention
8.7 Attributions and References
9.1 Importance of Mineral Resources
9.2 Economic Minerals
9.3 Arizona: The Copper State
9.4 Mining Techniques
9.5 Environmental Impacts of Metallic Mineral Mining
9.6 Industrial Minerals and Aggregates
9.8 Attributions and References
10.1 Fossil Fuels - An Overview
Jeff Simpson
10.2 Coal
10.3 Conventional Petroleum (Oil) and Natural Gas
10.4 Unconventional Petroleum and Methane
10.5 Fossil Fuel Issues
10.6 Nuclear Energy
10.7 Renewable Energy - An Overview
1. 10.8 Hydroelectricity - Dams, Run-Of-River, and Tidal
10.9 Solar Thermal Energy
10.10 Photovoltaic (PV) Solar Energy + Storage
10.11 Wind Power
10.12 Geothermal Energy
10.13 Biofuels
10.14 Hydrogen
10.15 Conservation and Efficiency
10.16 Attributions and References
11.1 Air Masses and Weather Fronts
Mike Santoro
11.2 Midlatitude Cyclones
11.3 Thunderstorms
11.4 Weather Hazards
11.5 Hurricanes
11.6 Attributions and References
12.1 Climate Systems
12.2 Controls of Climate
12.3 Köppen Classification System
12.4 Climate Change in Earth’s History
12.5 El Nino and La Nina
12.6 Long-Term Climate Change
12.7 Anthropogenic Climate Change
12.8 Attributions and References
13.1 Soil Formation and Classification
Katherine J. Megivern
13.2 Soil Horizons
2. 13.3 Challenges Faced by Soils, Challenges Posed by Soils
13.4 Weathering, Soils, and Climate Change
13.5 Attributions and References
14.1 Unique Properties of Water
14.2 Water Pools and the New Water Cycle Diagram
14.3 Threats to Earth's Water Resources
14.4 Water Management
14.5 Water Resources Summary
14.6 Attributions and References
Appendix A: Diversity Equity and Inclusion
Appendix B: Assurance of Accessibility Standards
Appendix C: Universal Design for Learning
